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The injection of harmonic currents is modeled in PowerFactory using the "Harmonic Sources" object (class "TypHmcur"). Various PowerFactory elements can be configured as harmonic current sources, such…
The impedances of each phase of an overhead line differs from each other due different relative geometries of each ohase of the line. In order to mitigate / reduce unbalances in the system, overhead…
Unlike traditional passive harmonic filters, active harmonic filters reduce the harmonic distortion in the system by cancellation of harmonic current injections. Active harmonic filters inject…
For harmonic analysis in the frequency domain, overhead lines and cables should be modeled based on a distributed parameter line model. Long overhead lines and cables should be modeled with…
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For lightning transient studies, the line insulators are represented by voltage-dependent switches. There are different options to model the flashover during lightning transients, such as: Voltage…
The duration of an EMT simulation depends on the complexity of the network and integration step size that is configured in the initialisation command (*.ComInc). The integration step size depends on…
In general, instantaneous values are calculated in EMT simulations. Such instantaneous values must be processed in order to calculate RMS signals, such as voltages and current. The following are two…
Variable resistances can be modelled with the ElmSind. The grounding impedance represents a single phase model. Thus, the ElmSind is modelled as single phase element. The single Rin of the ElmSind is…
The Cigre waveform is currently not available in the ElmImpulse. However, you can use the current source ElmIac and control it via a DSL model. In the attached project, the DSL model calculates the…
An example is provided in the project attached. The state machine is implemented in the block definition "StateMachine" and it is based on DSL statements. It represents a generic example of how the…