According to VDE/IEC in standard system fed directly from generators without transformer units, the impedance defined in following equation has to be used.

Z_GK = K_G x Z_G = K_G x (R_G + j X_d")

With the correction factor

K_G = cmax/(1 + X_d" sin(phi))

Refer to IEC 60909 - 0 - 2001-07 Section 3.6.1 equation (17) and (18).

The reason for the difference is the impedance correction according to VDE/IEC standard.

For the case of system where the generator feeds a transformer, the generator with the transformer is automatically recognized as a "power station" by PowerFactory.

Therefore for the calculation of short-circuit currents of power station units the following equation for the impedance of the whole power station unit is used for short circuits:

Z_kw = K_kw x (Z_G + Z_T)
K_kw = cmax / (1 + | X_d" - X_t | x sin(phi))

Where

X_t is the Short-Circuit voltage of the transformer (uk),

Z_G the generator impedance (without correction factor K_G)

and Z_T the transformer impedance (without correction factor K_T)

Refer to IEC 60909 - 0 - 2001-07 Section 3.7.1 equation (21) and (22).